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We, the undersigned, believe:
The first steps in partnering to address these systemic challenges are to build on our successes, learn from our failures, and agree on a shared vision of sustainable WASH services regardless of one’s role or perspective. Specifically, WASH should be viewed in the developing world as it is in the developed world – as a service, not as a project.
Together, we propose to advance sustainable solutions[i] in water, sanitation, and hygiene education through the following mission and guiding principles. These are intended to serve as a common framework that stakeholders[ii] in the sector can agree upon when collaborating with communities in pursuit of these basic services[iii] around the world.
To collaboratively promote the delivery of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene services that produce high-quality, lasting benefits to consumers.
This Charter seeks to align WASH stakeholders around collaboratively developed sustainability principles and catalyze adoption of these principles around the world. In recognition of the many approaches to achieving each principle, the Charter provides a framework for the development of corresponding best practices and metrics to facilitate ongoing learning rather than prescribing specific practices to achieve these principles.
Those endorsing this Charter will strive to incorporate these principles and actively promote WASH sustainability throughout their work. The Charter is an aspirational document, not a governing one. Endorsers agree to pursue the mission and strive towards the principles incorporated in the Charter. It is intended that WASH stakeholders will encourage and assist each other in applying the Charter’s principles, and ultimately, in improving the sustainability of WASH services around the world.
This mission will be enabled by guiding principles in the areas of:
In order to ensure that WASH services are properly planned, designed for long-term operation, and coordinated with the local community and other stakeholders, we will:
In order to ensure effective management of resources and communication amongst stakeholders, we will:
In order to ensure that an operational infrastructure is in place to meet ongoing service delivery needs, we will:
In order to ensure that capital is available to meet the full life-cycle costs associated with ongoing service delivery, we will:
In order to ensure timely identification of service delivery challenges and to continuously improve our efforts, we will:
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By signing this Charter, we agree to pursue the mission and strive towards the principles incorporated herein, thereby leading the sector toward a vision of WASH as a sustainable service.
Endnotes
[i] Solutions – Refers to the system or approach used to improve the delivery of water, sanitation, and hygiene in a particular geographic area.
[ii] Stakeholders – Refers to a collective group of individuals (e.g. consumers), organizations (e.g. donors, NGOs, implementers, corporations), and other entities (e.g. local and national governments, private sector actors, ministries of health, etc.) that have an interest or stake in the delivery of WASH services for a particular geographic area.
[iii] Services – Refers to the ongoing delivery of WASH solutions in a particular geographic area. Often this term is used in contrast with projects/programs, with emphasis on the implementation of temporary WASH solutions (often interventions) for a specific community or geographic area.
[iv] Life-Cycle – Refers to all stages of a WASH service improvement, from the preliminary needs assessment through the post-implementation period.
| S. No | Name of Student | Thesis Title | |
| 1 | Kehkishan Rani | Impact of poor sanitation on children health and education in the rural areas of district Abbottabad | |
| 2 | Maria Riaz | Assessment of water filtration plants in district Abbottabad, Haripur and Mansehra. | |
| 3 | Ihsan Ullah Khan | The Role of Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) in the Improvement of
Health, Hygiene and Environment in the Rural Area of Mardan, Pakistan |
|
| 4 | Romana Jamshed | Water quality assessment and mapping for water supply system of Abbottabad’s urban settlements | |
| 5 | Munazzam Jawad Shahid | Effect of improved water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions on incidences of diarrhea in district Mansehra | |
| 6 | Syed Fayyaz Ali Shah | Evaluating the perceptions and insufficiencies related with water and sanitation in the Afghan Refugee Camp, Mansehra | |
| 7 | Adeel Jalal Malik | Analysis of the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) process in district Mardan, N.W.F.P, Pakistan | |
| 8 | Awais Arifeen | Assessing the sustainability of School Led Total Sanitation (SLTS) and School Sanitation and Hygiene Education (SSHE) in selected areas of Azad Jamu and Kashmir | |
| 9 | Ayesha Anwaar Qazi | “Exploration of Culturally acceptable Ecological Sanitation and low-cost wastewater treatment system in selected area of Abbottabad” | |
| 10 | Abda Khalid | Assessing the socio-cultural barriers acceptability and reuse of human excreta as a resource | |
| 11 | Mahwish Durrani | Pre and post disaster water supply and sanitation approaches used in earthquake affected rural and urban areas of Muzaffarabad | |
| 12 | Shams Ali Baig | Improvement of drinking water quality by using plant biomass through household biosand filter-A decentralized approach | |
| 13 | Nadia Bibi | Analysis of gender related needs, expectations and responsibilities in sanitation and water supply projects in tehsil Balakot, district Mansehra | |
| 14 | Mukhtiar Ahmad | Assessment of collaboration between government and NGOs for the provision of water supply and sanitation services in district Mansehra | |
| 15 | Nazia Noureen | Evaluation of hygiene promotion processes regarding women health in rural areas of district Abbottabad | |
| 16 | Shazia Khan | The knowledge and perceptions of rural women about hygiene practices, sanitation facilities and drinking water in relation to diarrhea among children in selected village of Haripur | |
| 17 | Hasnain Ali Raza | Exploration of ecological sanitation in selected earthquake affected areas of NWFP and AJK, Pakistan | |
| 18 | Akmal Jilani | Economic Impacts of Conventional and ecological sanitation in Siran Valley in district Mansehra | |
| 19 | Iftikhar Zeb | Assessing the Socio-cultural Compatibility of Water and Sanitation Services Delivered By Donors in District Mansehra | |
| 20 | Nadia Zaman | Anaerobic biosorption of Chromium from synthetic wastewater | |
| 21 | Basmina.Atta | Evaluation of sanitation facilities in primary schools of district Abbottabad |
Proposed Declaration
SACOSAN 4, Sri Lanka.April 2011
The main idea is to trigger a virtual discussion, so as to have basic points of discussion at the conference.
The CSOs and CBOs of south Asia gathered here in Colombo, to reflect on sanitation scenario of the South Asia particularly Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan from the point of view of past-SACOSAN declarations and identify key issues and action strategies for achieving desired progress on sanitation.
The draft declaration that follows is the resultant out put of our deliberations here and several sessions of development organizations, convened back home in our countries with the stake holders
This document is the distillate of all these discussions and based on grass root inputs from the south Asian (SA) countries, it is hoped that this draft will find enough consideration, acceptance and reflected in the ministerial declaration.
The awareness and discussion taking place over the past two sessions of SACOSAN I & II, and the in between periods has led the people of SA to a better understanding of the issue, its importance vis-à-vis overall development (see annex open defecation and human development) and impact on human development (see annex water sanitation hygiene -Nexus).
This changed thinking is oblivious from the recommendations that takes a new look at the issues and the solutions.
Since the start of SACOSAN meetings , drinking water supply , quality and quantity has gone to the back burner.In order to acheive improvement in the quality of life of south Asians, it will be important to address water sanitation and Hygiene at the same time.
1. We are convinced that lack of attention to our WATSAN issues is one of the major contributors to the disease, poverty, malnutrition, illiteracy and hence our backwardness.
2. It will be cost effective to spend on WATSAN in the ratio of 1:9. Hence a very important area of development activity.
3. We are convinced that the initiative being gigantic and expensive can only be handled in a phased manner. So rather than making big claims let us have doable and realistic targets till the next meeting in Sri Lanka.
4. Flushing our shit downstream is no sanitation. Given that most of the domestic and Industrial waste water is mixed with Fresh Water or used as irrigation water for vegetable farms, without any treatment. This results in serious pollution to our fresh water sources both surface and ground water. Vegetables grown in these farms add to pathogenic recirculation in human and animals, if proper awareness and care is not there.
5. The current practice of letting untreated domestic and industrial waste flow down stream is causing an increasing eco depletion of soil nutrients causing nutrient deficiency and extra financial burden on replenishing these nutrients. Additionally it is causing pollution downstream
6. Looking at treatment of industrial, domestic waste, pipe laying, septic tanks standard plumbing fittings we find that most of these issues funnel down to lack of indigenous, viable technologies. Which eventually leads to the need of capacity building?
7. We concur that establishing a centre of excellence in water Technologies (concept note with TORs) attached, will help the SA people develop viable solutions to our problems that we can afford and operate. Sharing our knowledge and experience sincerely will boost up our initiatives in solving the WATSAN issues.
8. Hygiene awareness like washing hands with soap and
8.1 Providing soap for this purpose in schools, hospitals public toilets will be an important initiative
8.2 Schools to be provided with clean drinking water and separate toilets.
8.3 In order to bring half of our population in main stream development process gender specific hygiene should be an important target of awareness and attention during this phase of action, till Sacosan IV.
Visit Link for more details. http://www.waterpakistan.com/category/waste-water-treatment-solid-waste-hospital-waste-clts/
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Introduction:
Like other south Asian places, supply of less and poor quality drinking water available within the house is one of the major contributors to agony, disease and death in Pakistan. This has an adverse effect on the quality of life, like disease and death burden due to cholera, diarrhea , Typhoid, Hepatitis , Cancer and bone deformation to name a few.
This is how the need for supply of good quality drinking water becomes a strong priority issue to be resolved for our national development.
the latest development in this direction is 28 July 2010 –Safe and clean drinking water and sanitation is a human right essential to the full enjoyment of life and all other human rights, the General Assembly declared today, voicing deep concern that almost 900 million people worldwide do not have access to clean .water. <http://groups.google.com/group/wash–Pakistan/browse_thread/thread/4627f74d35108cab.
The travel from Local Government ordinance 2001, schedule VI section 94’s , which mentions drinking water as “wholesome water “. Only .Wholesome is a nonspecific term and could have different meanings for different people.
We recommend defining safe drinking water as water having quality conforming to Pakistan standards and quality Control authority (PSQCA), Standard No. PS 1932, ICS No.13.06020 (second revision.)
Document in hand provides an action oriented out line for less than a decade to achieve Millennium development goal of, halving the population not having access to improved drinking water by 2015.in Pakistan.
The problem-Solution analysis presented in this document is like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. When we look at them in isolation we tend to doubt its strong relationship with the issue and solutions but we assure you when every piece falls into proper slot it will be the best available picture of the problem and solutions
Assumptions
1. In Pakistan we may not have a supply of intentional safe drinking water , anywhere.
2. No laboratory has the capability to completely analyze drinking water for safety in accordance with PSQCA – Standards at an affordable cost and reasonable time.
For the sake of simplicity the process of achieving the goal of access to safe and enough drinking water has been divided in three phases namely
1. Long term actions where intensive cost and will to do is involved.
2. Short term and medium cost intensive
3. Immediate and doable where mostly, a strong determination will be a major contributor and costs will not be heavy. It will make efficient use of existing resources vis-à-vis manpower infrastructure etc.
1. Long Term
1.1 Local government ordinance 2001 Schedule VI section 94 defines this responsibility as “wholesome water “. The ordinance needs amendment to clearly define drinking water quality in accordance with the government’s ministry of science and technology standards PSQCA, standard No. PS 1932, ICS No.13.06020 second revision.
1.2 Water being used for making ice should also be of similar quality.
1.3 The provider of water and ice has to make a testing arrangement.
1.4 There has to be a third party quality testing by PCRWR, PCSIR, NIH or university/ medical college Lab.
1.5 No untreated sewage water/ industrial waste water to be discharged to water bodies both fresh and ground. This needs regulations by EPA, which is there in the form of NEQS and implementation through Local government.
1.6 Hospital waste has to be properly disposed off.
1.7 Plastic shopping bags should be phased out and technology for converting used shopping bags into water, sun and sound proof sheets be developed, to get rid of this heavy non degradable material.
1.8. Energy Savor Mercury lamps should be controlled for proper disposal; else they will be a great contamination source in water and environment.
Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)
1.6 Ministry of science and technology‘s PSQCA, standard No. PS 1932, ICS No.13.06020 second revision. To be upgraded to mandatory status from the present voluntary, like bottled water standards
1.7 MOST / PSQCA to issue standards for piping and plumbing material
1.8 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for lying of water supply and sewerage pipes need to be documented and issued.
1.9 SOPs for making septic tanks and drainage lines to be developed and implemented
2.0 Develop local technology for Sewerage and wastewater treatment. MOST can do it in collaboration with university (HEC) and EPA.
2.1 Ministry of Environment, to phase out the use of plastic shopping bags and plastic Bottles of soft drinks / Water.
Ministry of health
3.1 Planning to start a national deworming program
3.2 Mass education to drink optimum (2.0-2.5 L for adults), of good quantity water
3.3 Washing hands with soap after the use of bath room
3.4 The hospitals to collect health data on water related diseases
3.5 Medical Officer at Tehsil Headquarter hospital to visit filtration plants, and send his report
4.1 Water billing to consumer should be related to quality and quantity of water being supplied.
4.2 The water service provider should immediately share this information with the consumer and in case of nonconformance the provider will be fined Re.1 /day / person.
4.3 Provider should regularly share quantity and quality of water being supplied to consumer.
4.4 Appointing the most capable available staff member in the department as resident in charge of the treatment plant.
4.6 Clearly writing the job description of the water supply and distribution staff
4.7 Civic bodies supplying drinking water should arrange to take quality assurance measure at the treatment and supply sites
4.8 Documenting procedures for activities at the treatment and testing and Maintain complete records of conformance to these procedures
Note: In writing job descriptions procedures and records, author will give technical support, if needed.
5. Immediate actions
5.1 Appointing the most capable available staff member in the department as resident in charge of the treatment plant.
5.2 On job training of water supply in charge and the staff, about the Procedures of water treatment
5.3 Training of water testing lab staff about basic analytical Procedures
5.4 Providers to share with the consumer, actions being taken in case of an uncontrollable poor quality supply.
5.5 Ensuring drinking water safety at source and encouraging consumers to hand carry this water in clean containers for drinking purpose.
Legal Cover
Ministry of Special initiatives seems to be the focal point of all the activities by default.
1. Inquiry be conducted to see why filtration plants in all union councils were not installed and operative till Dec 2007. Efforts be made to overhaul this set up to function as envisaged by the project writers.
Action Plan for consumers
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene- Way Forward
Pakistan
Back ground. Creating a success story of reaching the poorest of the poor with the benefits of Safe drinking water, improved sanitation and hygiene is closest to reach in Pakistan but not without unique challenges.
Of the developing world in general and south Asia in particular, the government of Pakistan is convinced of the benefits of approaching the problem in an integrated form.
It has to be seen that we are poor due to poor water; sanitation and hygiene facilities or the poor facilities are due to our poverty.
The National Scenario
Currently following steps are being taken to improve the drinking water situation in Pakistan.
1. National Drinking Water Policy (NDWP) is in the process of making for the last 7 years, it (The Draft) has gone through several public feed backs, expert discussions and government review, which has changed the shape of the document and it may be missing the target of helping nay body in the power to take steps one, two three and sort out the issue of drinking water quality and quantity to the poor consumer. The host department for this is the ministry of environment and EPA-Pak for final approval of the draft
2. National drinking water Standards (NDWS). Same fate as the NDWP, but we do have a standard document, issued by the Pakistan Standard and quality control authority (PSQCA) for reference purposes. These standards are not mandatory for the providers like the standards for the bottled drinking water in Pakistan. The problem with this aspect of development is that we cannot test all parameters mentioned in these standards under one roof at an affordable cost any where in the country. This part is with the ministry of science and technology and being contested by ministry of health and ministry of environment for ownership.
3. Filtration plants. While item 1 and 2 were being considered we knew that they are going to take time, and the poor consumer cannot be left at the mercy of unsafe health conditions, To provide immediate relief in form of safe drinking water for hand carrying to drink at home water filtration plants, 6000 in all, through out Pakistan are planned, funded and government is committed to install by Dec 2007. Ministry of industries is the current host of this initiative, after being switched from ministry of environment for being slow with the progress. This shift has further delayed the project. Plants already on ground are having serious issue in operation and maintenance.
4. National Water quality monitoring program (NWQMP). This program of sampling and analyzing drinking water from 21 cities scattered all over started since 2002 is on with the ministry of science and technology and four initial quality reports are issued. This initiative has helped Pakistan in identifying the water quality issue in Pakistan and locating some pollutants. However the reports are being released after year of sample collection and are too late.
5. Installation of new labs, up gradation of existing labs rehabilitation of water supply schemes. Are few of other initiatives with the ministry of science and technology?
Sanitation.
Attention is being diverted to this important component of health though late. Pakistan was host to second SACOSAN conference in Islamabad after participating in the first one at Dacca. This helped in highlighting the issue.
On ground situation is that there is hardly any drop of domestic waste being treated before dumping into fresh water (rivers and canals) or used for irrigating vegetable farms in perri urban area. About same is the fate of industrial waste.
Solid and hospital waste also needs attention.
This sector is in the domain of ministry of environment, Pak-EPA and an act to control these effluents and national standards are in place. National sanitation policy is also in place.
Water treatment technology suitable for the developing world is the need .The standards for treatment in the developed world are very stringent and the technology to treat up to that level is very costly. We in Pakistan may be looking for some viable solutions that we can afford.
Similarly disposal of solid and other wastes needs to be tackled scientifically
Hygiene.
Hygiene is also a neglected component of concern mainly due to illiteracy. Being a Muslim society will be of great help in this respect. Some awareness push will be of great help.
Strategy
As will be clear now some great efforts are on in the drinking water sector in Pakistan, though work on sanitation has a cover by documents and hygiene (both personal and environmental) has to take a start. They need to plan, however some tips are being presented here to start thinking process.
Campaign.
1.An integrated awareness campaign to target the poor and illiterate masses about the WatSan and hygiene issues needs to be designed and implemented. Though policy makers will be addressed through print and TV, yet the masses will be accessed through radio, preferably FM in local languages.
2. Campaign visit your water supply tank. Cleaning water reservoirs by the water providers and household tanks is an issue. This will be done through a national campaign.
3. Treating domestic waste and industrial waste before dumping to fresh and ground water will be campaigned.
Technical support
Almost all initiatives are held up due to lack of technical know how and priority at the decision makers level. They need to be supported which is a tight ropewalk, without damaging their self-respect
Planning and implementing strategy for this unique situation in Pakistan is a challenge but if we think with an open mind, we are very close to creating a success story of improving quality of life of the poor, Illiterate masses by reducing poverty, and disease.
For the national and global partners of water aid will be a great resource for developing this program for now and making use of this experience at the later stage.
Developing a resource center.
For the use of all stakeholders we will need to develop a physical resource center, collecting relevant literature, references and initiatives on water hygiene and sanitation in Pakistan and elsewhere. So that it become a hub of activity on WatSan in Pakistan and south Asia.
Initiative Activity Impact Risk
1.Awareness Campaign Messages, discussions on FM Radio Rural and perri urban poor, women students Know the important points on WatSan My scare the masses
2. South Asia center of excellence on WatSan a. Building at provincial HQs
b. Experts on
WatSan from
WaterAid
c. Syllabus to teach and practice
We get indigenous water treatment technology.
Trained supervisors, technicians, engineers and lab staff oratory WA works with the partners.
May not get an effective partner
3.Resource center Providing a room, and start collecting material Acts as a hub of activity
Shares knowledge and experience
Avoids duplication
Provides base for the center of excellence.
Training of existing staff May be a problem to organize the material in way so that it is readily available for consultation.
Conference room may be too busy at times, to manage.